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Appendix A Notation

Symbol Description Location
\(a\in A\) set membership Definition 1.1.1
\(f\colon A\rightarrow B\) a function from \(X\) to \(Y\) Definition 1.1.3
\(\sqrt{x}\) the nonnegative square root of \(x\) Definition 1.1.8
\(A\subseteq B\) set inclusion Definition 1.1.11
\(A\subsetneq B\) proper set inclusion Definition 1.1.11
\(A\cup B\) the union of \(A\) and \(B\) Definition 1.1.17
\(A\cap B\) the intersection of \(A\) and \(B\) Definition 1.1.17
\(A-B\) the set difference of \(A\) and \(B\) Definition 1.1.17
\(\Z\) the integers Definition 1.1.19
\(\R\) the real numbers Definition 1.1.19
\(\emptyset\) the empty set Definition 1.1.19
\(\range f\) the range of the function \(f\) Definition 1.1.22
\(\Q\) rational numbers Definition 1.4.1
\(\operatorname{sign}\) the sign function Definition 1.10.1