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Appendix B Exercises

0.1 Sets

Exercise 0.1.1
Exercise 0.1.2

0.2 Functions

Exercise 0.2.1
Exercise 0.2.2
Exercise 0.2.3

0.4 Logic

Exercise 0.4.3.1
Exercise 0.4.3.2
Exercise 0.4.3.3
Exercise 0.4.3.4
Exercise 0.4.3.5
Exercise 0.4.3.6

0.6 Complex numbers

Exercise 0.6.3.1
Exercise 0.6.3.2
Exercise 0.6.3.3
Exercise 0.6.3.4

0.7 Polynomials

Exercise 0.7.4.1
Exercise 0.7.4.2

1.1 Systems of linear equations

Exercise 1.1.3.1
Exercise 1.1.3.2
Exercise 1.1.3.3
Exercise 1.1.3.4
Exercise 1.1.3.5
Exercise 1.1.3.6 Geometry of linear systems
Exercise 1.1.3.7 Row operations preserve solutions
Exercise 1.1.3.8 Nonlinear systems
Exercise 1.1.3.9 Not all arithmetic operations preserve solutions

1.2 Gaussian elimination

Exercise 1.2.3.1
Exercise 1.2.3.2
Exercise 1.2.3.3
Exercise 1.2.3.4
Exercise 1.2.3.5
Exercise 1.2.3.6
Exercise 1.2.3.7
Exercise 1.2.3.8
Exercise 1.2.3.9
Exercise 1.2.3.10
Exercise 1.2.3.11

1.3 Solving linear systems

Exercise 1.3.3.1
Exercise 1.3.3.2
Exercise 1.3.3.3
Exercise 1.3.3.4
Exercise 1.3.3.5
Exercise 1.3.3.6
Exercise 1.3.3.7
Exercise 1.3.3.8
Exercise 1.3.3.9
Exercise 1.3.3.10
Exercise 1.3.3.11
Exercise 1.3.3.12
Exercise 1.3.3.13
Exercise 1.3.3.14
Exercise 1.3.3.15
Exercise 1.3.3.16
Exercise 1.3.3.17
Exercise 1.3.3.18

2.1 Matrix arithmetic

Exercise 2.1.6.1
Exercise 2.1.6.2
Exercise 2.1.6.3
Exercise 2.1.6.4
Exercise 2.1.6.5
Exercise 2.1.6.6
Exercise 2.1.6.7
Exercise 2.1.6.8
Exercise 2.1.6.9
Exercise 2.1.6.10
Exercise 2.1.6.11

2.2 Matrix algebra

Exercise 2.2.1
Exercise 2.2.2
Exercise 2.2.3
Exercise 2.2.4
Exercise 2.2.5
Exercise 2.2.6
Exercise 2.2.7
Exercise 2.2.8

2.3 Invertible matrices

Exercise 2.3.3.1
Exercise 2.3.3.2
Exercise 2.3.3.3
Exercise 2.3.3.4
Exercise 2.3.3.5
Exercise 2.3.3.6
Exercise 2.3.3.7
Exercise 2.3.3.8
Exercise 2.3.3.9
Exercise 2.3.3.10
Exercise 2.3.3.11
Exercise 2.3.3.12
Exercise 2.3.3.13
Exercise 2.3.3.14 Expanding matrix products
Exercise 2.3.3.15 Polynomial expressions of \(A\) commute
Exercise 2.3.3.16

2.4 The invertibility theorem

Exercise 2.4.6.1
Exercise 2.4.6.2
Exercise 2.4.6.3
Exercise 2.4.6.4
Exercise 2.4.6.5
Exercise 2.4.6.6
Exercise 2.4.6.7
Exercise 2.4.6.8
Exercise 2.4.6.9
Exercise 2.4.6.10
Exercise 2.4.6.11
Exercise 2.4.6.12
Exercise 2.4.6.13
Exercise 2.4.6.14
Exercise 2.4.6.15
Exercise 2.4.6.16
Exercise 2.4.6.17
Exercise 2.4.6.18
Exercise 2.4.6.19
Exercise 2.4.6.20
Exercise 2.4.6.21
Exercise 2.4.6.22 Properties of row equivalence
Exercise 2.4.6.23
Exercise 2.4.6.24
Exercise 2.4.6.25
Exercise 2.4.6.26

2.5 The determinant

Exercise 2.5.4.1
Exercise 2.5.4.2
Exercise 2.5.4.3
Exercise 2.5.4.4
Exercise 2.5.4.5
Exercise 2.5.4.6
Exercise 2.5.4.7
Exercise 2.5.4.8
Exercise 2.5.4.9
Exercise 2.5.4.10
Exercise 2.5.4.11
Exercise 2.5.4.12
Exercise 2.5.4.13
Exercise 2.5.4.14
Exercise 2.5.4.15
Exercise 2.5.4.16
Exercise 2.5.4.17
Exercise 2.5.4.18
Exercise 2.5.4.19
Exercise 2.5.4.20
Exercise 2.5.4.21
Exercise 2.5.4.22
Exercise 2.5.4.23
Exercise 2.5.4.24
Exercise 2.5.4.25
Exercise 2.5.4.26
Exercise 2.5.4.27
Exercise 2.5.4.28

3.1 Real vector spaces

Exercise 3.1.4.1
Exercise 3.1.4.2
Exercise 3.1.4.3
Exercise 3.1.4.4
Exercise 3.1.4.5
Exercise 3.1.4.6
Exercise 3.1.4.7
Exercise 3.1.4.8
Exercise 3.1.4.9
Exercise 3.1.4.10
Exercise 3.1.4.11
Exercise 3.1.4.12
Exercise 3.1.4.13
Exercise 3.1.4.14
Exercise 3.1.4.15

3.2 Linear transformations

Exercise 3.2.6.1
Exercise 3.2.6.2
Exercise 3.2.6.3
Exercise 3.2.6.4
Exercise 3.2.6.5
Exercise 3.2.6.6
Exercise 3.2.6.7
Exercise 3.2.6.8
Exercise 3.2.6.9 Transposition
Exercise 3.2.6.10 Scalar multiplication
Exercise 3.2.6.11 Trace
Exercise 3.2.6.12 Left/right matrix multiplication
Exercise 3.2.6.13 Conjugation
Exercise 3.2.6.14 Sequence shift operators
Exercise 3.2.6.15 Function shift operators
Exercise 3.2.6.16 Function scaling operators
Exercise 3.2.6.17 Adding and scaling linear transformations
Exercise 3.2.6.18
Exercise 3.2.6.19
Exercise 3.2.6.20 Reflection through a line
Exercise 3.2.6.21 Compositions of rotations and reflections

3.3 Subspaces

Exercise 3.3.5.1
Exercise 3.3.5.2
Exercise 3.3.5.3
Exercise 3.3.5.4
Exercise 3.3.5.5
Exercise 3.3.5.6
Exercise 3.3.5.7
Exercise 3.3.5.8
Exercise 3.3.5.9
Exercise 3.3.5.10
Exercise 3.3.5.11
Exercise 3.3.5.12
Exercise 3.3.5.13
Exercise 3.3.5.14
Exercise 3.3.5.15
Exercise 3.3.5.16
Exercise 3.3.5.17
Exercise 3.3.5.18
Exercise 3.3.5.19
Exercise 3.3.5.20

3.4 Null space and image

Exercise 3.4.3.1
Exercise 3.4.3.2
Exercise 3.4.3.3
Exercise 3.4.3.4
Exercise 3.4.3.5
Exercise 3.4.3.6
Exercise 3.4.3.7
Exercise 3.4.3.8
Exercise 3.4.3.9
Exercise 3.4.3.10
Exercise 3.4.3.11
Exercise 3.4.3.12
Exercise 3.4.3.13
Exercise 3.4.3.14
Exercise 3.4.3.15
Exercise 3.4.3.16
Exercise 3.4.3.17
Exercise 3.4.3.18
Exercise 3.4.3.19
Exercise 3.4.3.20
Exercise 3.4.3.21
Exercise 3.4.3.22
Exercise 3.4.3.23
Exercise 3.4.3.24
Exercise 3.4.3.25

3.5 Span and linear independence

Exercise 3.5.4.1
Exercise 3.5.4.2
Exercise 3.5.4.3
Exercise 3.5.4.4
Exercise 3.5.4.5
Exercise 3.5.4.6
Exercise 3.5.4.7
Exercise 3.5.4.8
Exercise 3.5.4.9
Exercise 3.5.4.10
Exercise 3.5.4.11
Exercise 3.5.4.12
Exercise 3.5.4.13
Exercise 3.5.4.14
Exercise 3.5.4.15
Exercise 3.5.4.16
Exercise 3.5.4.17
Exercise 3.5.4.18
Exercise 3.5.4.19
Exercise 3.5.4.20 Span, independence, and invertibility
Exercise 3.5.4.21 Linear transformations, span, and independence

3.6 Bases

Exercise 3.6.3.1
Exercise 3.6.3.2
Exercise 3.6.3.3
Exercise 3.6.3.4
Exercise 3.6.3.5
Exercise 3.6.3.6
Exercise 3.6.3.7
Exercise 3.6.3.8
Exercise 3.6.3.9
Exercise 3.6.3.10
Exercise 3.6.3.11
Exercise 3.6.3.12
Exercise 3.6.3.13
Exercise 3.6.3.14 Bases for important matrix subspaces
Exercise 3.6.3.15
Exercise 3.6.3.16
Exercise 3.6.3.17
Exercise 3.6.3.18
Exercise 3.6.3.19
Exercise 3.6.3.20
Exercise 3.6.3.21
Exercise 3.6.3.22

3.7 Dimension

Exercise 3.7.2.1
Exercise 3.7.2.2
Exercise 3.7.2.3
Exercise 3.7.2.4
Exercise 3.7.2.5
Exercise 3.7.2.6
Exercise 3.7.2.7
Exercise 3.7.2.8
Exercise 3.7.2.9
Exercise 3.7.2.10
Exercise 3.7.2.11
Exercise 3.7.2.12
Exercise 3.7.2.13
Exercise 3.7.2.14
Exercise 3.7.2.15
Exercise 3.7.2.16 Dimensions of important matrix subspaces
Exercise 3.7.2.17

3.8 Rank-nullity theorem and fundamental spaces

Exercise 3.8.4.1
Exercise 3.8.4.2
Exercise 3.8.4.3
Exercise 3.8.4.4
Exercise 3.8.4.5
Exercise 3.8.4.6
Exercise 3.8.4.7
Exercise 3.8.4.8
Exercise 3.8.4.9
Exercise 3.8.4.10
Exercise 3.8.4.11
Exercise 3.8.4.12
Exercise 3.8.4.13
Exercise 3.8.4.14
Exercise 3.8.4.15
Exercise 3.8.4.16
Exercise 3.8.4.17
Exercise 3.8.4.18
Exercise 3.8.4.19
Exercise 3.8.4.20
Exercise 3.8.4.21

4.1 Coordinate vectors

Exercise 4.1.3.1
Exercise 4.1.3.2
Exercise 4.1.3.3
Exercise 4.1.3.4
Exercise 4.1.3.5
Exercise 4.1.3.6
Exercise 4.1.3.7
Exercise 4.1.3.8
Exercise 4.1.3.9
Exercise 4.1.3.10
Exercise 4.1.3.11
Exercise 4.1.3.12
Exercise 4.1.3.13

4.2 Matrix representations of linear transformations

Exercise 4.2.4.1
Exercise 4.2.4.2
Exercise 4.2.4.3
Exercise 4.2.4.4
Exercise 4.2.4.5
Exercise 4.2.4.6
Exercise 4.2.4.7
Exercise 4.2.4.8
Exercise 4.2.4.9
Exercise 4.2.4.10
Exercise 4.2.4.11
Exercise 4.2.4.12
Exercise 4.2.4.13
Exercise 4.2.4.14
Exercise 4.2.4.15
Exercise 4.2.4.16
Exercise 4.2.4.17
Exercise 4.2.4.18

4.3 Change of basis

Exercise 4.3.4.1
Exercise 4.3.4.2
Exercise 4.3.4.3
Exercise 4.3.4.4
Exercise 4.3.4.5
Exercise 4.3.4.6
Exercise 4.3.4.7
Exercise 4.3.4.8
Exercise 4.3.4.9
Exercise 4.3.4.10
Exercise 4.3.4.11
Exercise 4.3.4.12
Exercise 4.3.4.13
Exercise 4.3.4.14
Exercise 4.3.4.15
Exercise 4.3.4.16
Exercise 4.3.4.17
Exercise 4.3.4.18
Exercise 4.3.4.19
Exercise 4.3.4.20 Reflection in \(\R^2\)

4.4 Eigenvectors and eigenvalues

Exercise 4.4.4.1
Exercise 4.4.4.2
Exercise 4.4.4.3
Exercise 4.4.4.4
Exercise 4.4.4.5
Exercise 4.4.4.6
Exercise 4.4.4.7
Exercise 4.4.4.8
Exercise 4.4.4.9
Exercise 4.4.4.10
Exercise 4.4.4.11
Exercise 4.4.4.12
Exercise 4.4.4.13
Exercise 4.4.4.14
Exercise 4.4.4.15
Exercise 4.4.4.16
Exercise 4.4.4.17
Exercise 4.4.4.18
Exercise 4.4.4.19
Exercise 4.4.4.20

4.5 Diagonalization

Exercise 4.5.5.1
Exercise 4.5.5.2
Exercise 4.5.5.3
Exercise 4.5.5.4
Exercise 4.5.5.5
Exercise 4.5.5.6
Exercise 4.5.5.7
Exercise 4.5.5.8
Exercise 4.5.5.9
Exercise 4.5.5.10
Exercise 4.5.5.11
Exercise 4.5.5.12
Exercise 4.5.5.13
Exercise 4.5.5.14
Exercise 4.5.5.15
Exercise 4.5.5.16
Exercise 4.5.5.17
Exercise 4.5.5.18
Exercise 4.5.5.19
Exercise 4.5.5.20
Exercise 4.5.5.21
Exercise 4.5.5.22

5.1 Inner product spaces

Exercise 5.1.5.1
Exercise 5.1.5.2
Exercise 5.1.5.3
Exercise 5.1.5.4
Exercise 5.1.5.5
Exercise 5.1.5.6
Exercise 5.1.5.7
Exercise 5.1.5.8
Exercise 5.1.5.9
Exercise 5.1.5.10
Exercise 5.1.5.11
Exercise 5.1.5.12
Exercise 5.1.5.13
Exercise 5.1.5.14
Exercise 5.1.5.15
Exercise 5.1.5.16
Exercise 5.1.5.17
Exercise 5.1.5.18 Isometries of inner product spaces

5.2 Orthogonal bases

Exercise 5.2.4.1
Exercise 5.2.4.2
Exercise 5.2.4.3
Exercise 5.2.4.4
Exercise 5.2.4.5
Exercise 5.2.4.6
Exercise 5.2.4.7
Exercise 5.2.4.8
Exercise 5.2.4.9
Exercise 5.2.4.10
Exercise 5.2.4.11
Exercise 5.2.4.12
Exercise 5.2.4.13
Exercise 5.2.4.14
Exercise 5.2.4.15
Exercise 5.2.4.16 Extending orthogonal bases
Exercise 5.2.4.17 Extending orthogonal bases
Exercise 5.2.4.18
Exercise 5.2.4.19
Exercise 5.2.4.20 Orthonormal coordinate vectors
Exercise 5.2.4.21 Determinant of orthogonal matrices
Exercise 5.2.4.22 Orthogonal \(2\times 2\) matrices

5.3 Orthogonal projection

Exercise 5.3.6.1
Exercise 5.3.6.2
Exercise 5.3.6.3
Exercise 5.3.6.4
Exercise 5.3.6.5
Exercise 5.3.6.6
Exercise 5.3.6.7
Exercise 5.3.6.8
Exercise 5.3.6.9
Exercise 5.3.6.10
Exercise 5.3.6.11
Exercise 5.3.6.12
Exercise 5.3.6.13
Exercise 5.3.6.14
Exercise 5.3.6.15
Exercise 5.3.6.16
Exercise 5.3.6.17
Exercise 5.3.6.18 Dimension of \(W^\perp\)
Exercise 5.3.6.19
Exercise 5.3.6.20
Exercise 5.3.6.21

5.4 The spectral theorem

Exercise 5.4.3.1
Exercise 5.4.3.2
Exercise 5.4.3.3
Exercise 5.4.3.4
Exercise 5.4.3.5
Exercise 5.4.3.6
Exercise 5.4.3.7
Exercise 5.4.3.8
Exercise 5.4.3.9
Exercise 5.4.3.10
Exercise 5.4.3.11
Exercise 5.4.3.12
Exercise 5.4.3.13
Exercise 5.4.3.14
Exercise 5.4.3.15
Exercise 5.4.3.16
Exercise 5.4.3.17