\(\newcommand{\N}{\mathbb N} \newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb Z} \newcommand{\Q}{\mathbb Q} \newcommand{\R}{\mathbb R} \newcommand{\C}{\mathbb C} \DeclareMathOperator{\range}{range} \DeclareMathOperator{\sgn}{sgn} \DeclareMathOperator{\id}{id} \newcommand{\abs}[2][]{\left\lvert #2\right\rvert_{#1}} \newcommand{\anpoly}{a_nx^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}\cdots +a_1x+a_0} \newcommand{\anmonic}{x^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}\cdots +a_1x+a_0} \newcommand{\bmpoly}{b_mx^m+b_{m-1}x^{m-1}\cdots +b_1x+b_0} \newcommand{\bnpoly}{b_nx^n+b_{n-1}x^{n-1}\cdots +b_1x+b_0} \newcommand{\lt}{<} \newcommand{\gt}{>} \newcommand{\amp}{&} \definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9} \newcommand{\fillinmath}[1]{\mathchoice{\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\displaystyle \phantom{\,#1\,}$}}{\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\textstyle \phantom{\,#1\,}$}}{\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\scriptstyle \phantom{\,#1\,}$}}{\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\scriptscriptstyle\phantom{\,#1\,}$}}} \)